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Papyrus 20

Date: Third Century A.D.

Discovered: Oxyrhynchus, Egypt

Location: Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Libraries

Contents: James 2:19 – 3:9

 

James 2

19 You believe that God is one. You do well. The demons also believe, and shudder. 20 But do you want to know, vain man, that faith apart from works is dead? 21 Wasn’t Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son on the altar? 22 You see that faith worked with his works, and by works faith was perfected. 23 So the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him as righteousness,” and he was called the friend of God. 24 You see then that by works, a man is justified, and not only by faith. 25 In the same way, wasn’t Rahab the prostitute also justified by works, in that she received the messengers and sent them out another way? 26 For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.

 

James 3

Let not many of you be teachers, my brothers, knowing that we will receive heavier judgment. For we all stumble in many things. Anyone who doesn’t stumble in word is a perfect person, able to bridle the whole body also. Indeed, we put bits into the horses’ mouths so that they may obey us, and we guide their whole body. Behold, the ships also, though they are so big and are driven by fierce winds, are yet guided by a very small rudder, wherever the pilot desires. So the tongue is also a little member, and boasts great things. See how a small fire can spread to a large forest! And the tongue is a fire. The world of iniquity among our members is the tongue, which defiles the whole body, and sets on fire the course of nature, and is set on fire by Gehenna. For every kind of animal, bird, creeping thing, and sea creature, is tamed, and has been tamed by mankind; but nobody can tame the tongue. It is a restless evil, full of deadly poison. With it we bless our God the Lord[1] and Father, and with it we curse men who are made in the image of God.



[1] The manuscript matches the critical text.

How to read these pages:

      The translation to the left is based on the World English Bible. Words in regular black font are words in the manuscript matching the Majority Text for that passage.

      Words in italics cannot be seen in the manuscript, since the manuscript is fragmentary. These words are supplied for readability by the World English Bible translation.

      Words present in the manuscript but with some letters unreadable or missing are in blue like this: blue. One Greek word often is translated into multiple English words, and when this occurs, all the English words are in blue.

      Words present in the manuscript but with spelling or trivial word order differences that do not affect the meaning are in green like this: green.

      If the manuscript is different from the Majority Text, words in the Majority Text that are missing from the text of the manuscript are marked through in red like this: strike-through.If the manuscript differs from the Majority Text yet matches another well-known text, this is noted in the footnotes.

      If the manuscript is different from the Majority Text, words in the manuscript that are not in the Majority Text are underlined in red like this: new words.If the manuscript differs from the Majority Text yet matches another well-known text, this is noted in the footnotes.